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Compare Marshall Islands (2001) - Jan Mayen (2003)

Compare Marshall Islands (2001) z Jan Mayen (2003)

 Marshall Islands (2001)Jan Mayen (2003)
 Marshall IslandsJan Mayen
Administrative divisions 33 municipalities; Ailinginae, Ailinglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Bikar, Bikini, Bokak, Ebon, Enewetak, Erikub, Jabat, Jaluit, Jemo, Kili, Kwajalein, Lae, Lib, Likiep, Majuro, Maloelap, Mejit, Mili, Namorik, Namu, Rongelap, Rongrik, Toke, Ujae, Ujelang, Utirik, Wotho, Wotje -
Age structure 0-14 years:
49.29% (male 17,808; female 17,101)

15-64 years:
48.61% (male 17,573; female 16,853)

65 years and over:
2.1% (male 707; female 780) (2001 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products coconuts, tomatoes, melons, cacao, taro, breadfruit, fruits; pigs, chickens -
Airports 16 (2000 est.) 1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
12

914 to 1,523 m:
9

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)		 total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Area total:
181.3 sq km

land:
181.3 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, and Kwajalein		 total: 373 sq km


land: 373 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about the size of Washington, DC slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background After almost four decades under US administration as the easternmost part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands attained independence in 1986 under a Compact of Free Association. Compensation claims continue as a result of US nuclear testing on some of the islands between 1947 and 1962. This desolate, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg volcano resumed activity in 1970; it is the northernmost active volcano on earth.
Birth rate 45.07 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
$80.1 million

expenditures:
$77.4 million, including capital expenditures of $19.5 million (FY95/96 est.)		 -
Capital Majuro -
Climate wet season from May to November; hot and humid; islands border typhoon belt arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog
Coastline 370.4 km 124.1 km
Constitution 1 May 1979 -
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of the Marshall Islands

conventional short form:
Marshall Islands

former:
Marshall Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Jan Mayen
Currency US dollar (USD) -
Death rate 6.23 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $125 million (FY96/97 est.) -
Dependency status - territory of Norway; since August 1994, administered from Oslo through the county governor (fylkesmann) of Nordland; however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Joan M. PLAISTED

embassy:
Oceanside, Mejen Weto, Long Island, Majuro

mailing address:
P. O. Box 1379, Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands 96960-1379

telephone:
[692] 247-4011

FAX:
[692] 247-4012		 -
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Banny DE BRUM

chancery:
2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-5414

FAX:
[1] (202) 232-3236

consulate(s) general:
Honolulu		 -
Disputes - international claims US territory of Wake Island none
Economic aid - recipient approximately $65 million annually from the US -
Economy - overview US Government assistance is the mainstay of this tiny island economy. Agricultural production is concentrated on small farms, and the most important commercial crops are coconuts, tomatoes, melons, and breadfruit. Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, fish processing, and copra. The tourist industry, now a small source of foreign exchange employing less than 10% of the labor force, remains the best hope for future added income. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports. Under the terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US provides roughly $65 million in annual aid. Negotiations were underway in 1999 for an extended agreement. Government downsizing, drought, a drop in construction, and the decline in tourism and foreign investment due to the Asian financial difficulties caused GDP to fall in 1996-98. Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations located on the island.
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location on Likiep 10 m		 lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m


highest point: Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg 2,277 m
Environment - current issues inadequate supplies of potable water NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol		 -
Ethnic groups Micronesian -
Exchange rates the US dollar is used -
Executive branch chief of state:
President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 3 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 3 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet selected by the president from among the members of Parliament

elections:
president elected by Parliament from among its own members for a four-year term; election last held 15 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
Kessai Hesa NOTE elected president; percent of Parliament vote - 100%		 -
Exports $28 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.) -
Exports - commodities fish, coconut oil, trochus shells -
Exports - partners US, Japan, Australia -
Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September -
Flag description blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes the flag of Norway is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $105 million (1998 est.), supplemented by approximately $65 million annual US aid -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
15%

industry:
13%

services:
72% (1995)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,670 (1998 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate -5% (1998 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 9 00 N, 168 00 E 71 00 N, 8 00 W
Geography - note two archipelagic island chains of 30 atolls and 1,152 islands; Bikini and Enewetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is now used as a US missile test range barren volcanic island with some moss and grass
Highways total:
NA km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km

note:
paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $58 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.) -
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels, beverages and tobacco -
Imports - partners US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Guam, Singapore -
Independence 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries copra, fish, tourism, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls, offshore banking (embryonic) -
Infant mortality rate 39.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5% (1997) -
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 13 (Jan Mayen and Svalbard) (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; High Court -
Labor force NA -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
60%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
40%		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages English (universally spoken and is the official language), two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japanese -
Legal system based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 15 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA

note:
the Council of Chiefs is a 12-member body that advises on matters affecting customary law and practice		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
65.84 years

male:
64.04 years

female:
67.73 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
93%

male:
100%

female:
88% (1980 est.)		 -
Location Oceania, group of atolls and reefs in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Papua New Guinea Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland
Map references Oceania Arctic Region
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 contiguous zone: 10 NM


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 4 NM
Merchant marine total:
212 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,768,406 GRT/16,242,699 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 63, cargo 9, chemical tanker 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 29, liquefied gas 10, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 87, vehicle carrier 1

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 1, Germany 1, Japan 1, US 6 (2000 est.)		 -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the US defense is the responsibility of Norway
Military branches no regular military forces (a coast guard may be established); Police Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% -
National holiday Constitution Day, 1 May (1979) -
Nationality noun:
Marshallese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Marshallese		 -
Natural hazards occasional typhoons dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970
Natural resources phosphate deposits, marine products, deep seabed minerals none
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Political parties and leaders traditionally there have been no formally organized political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings" have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Kabua Party [Imata KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 70,822 (July 2001 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 3.88% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors Majuro none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA


note: there is one radio and meteorological station (1998)
Radios NA -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Christian (mostly Protestant) -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.91 male(s)/female

total population:
1.04 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
telex services

domestic:
Majuro Atoll and Ebeye and Kwajalein islands have regular, seven-digit, direct-dial telephones; other islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes)

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 3,000 (1996) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 365 (1996) -
Television broadcast stations 3 (of which two are US military stations) (1997) -
Terrain low coral limestone and sand islands volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers
Total fertility rate 6.55 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Unemployment rate 16% (1991 est.) -
Waterways none none
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